Termites are one of the main insects responsible for damaging wood. Although they are considered very destructive, they have an important role in nature in breaking down organic matter. In this study, the main characteristics of termites, such as morphological and biological aspects, are described. A classification of termite damage is carried out according to the humidity content of the wood. The termites present in Chile belong to the families Kalotermitidae, Termopsidae and Rhinotermitidae. Different strategies of control, preventives and curatives are commented on in relation with the current pest problems.