To accomplish reforestation programs an increasing demand for native species seedling is expected in the near future. This will require a better understanding of nursery cultivation practices to improve seedling quality. A number of important cultivation practices and the way in wich they affect indicators of seedling quality is reviewed. A list of potential harmful agents to seedling production is presented. To accomplish reforestation programs an increasing demand for native species seedling is expected in the near future. This will require a better understanding of nursery cultivation practices to improve seedling quality. A number of important cultivation practices and the way in wich they affect indicators of seedling quality is reviewed. A list of potential harmful agents to seedling production is presented.